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Because biomes are described according to the structural characteristics of their dominant organisms (in this example, coniferous trees growing under a particular climatic regime) all of these different forest types are considered convergent ecosystems within the same biome, the boreal coniferous forest. Norway spruce is most important in this biome in northwestern Europe, while in parts of Siberia species of pine and larch are dominant. In northeastern North America this biome is dominated by stands of black spruce, while in the northwest white spruce is dominant. For example, the boreal coniferous forest occurs in suitable environments of northern North America and Eurasia. Often, different species having similar, convergent growth forms will dominate at different places within the same biome. Some environmental conditions affecting the location of biomes include climate, latitude, topography, and fire. Similar biomes can occur in widely divergent places as long as the environmental conditions are appropriate for their development. Most of the oceans are considered part of a single biome, although areas with particularly unusual or unique physical characteristics or inhabitants may be considered as separate biomes. Terrestrial biomes are usually distinguished on the basis of the major components of their mature or climax vegetation, while aquatic biomes, especially marine ones, are often characterized by their dominant animals. It is below freezing at night year round and the meaning of its name comes from Lappish language (Lapland) which means “land with no trees”.A biome is a major, geographically extensive ecosystem, structurally characterized by its dominant life forms. Arctic and Alpine Tundra - covers one-fifth of the land on earth.Found north of temperate deciduous forests in Canada, Europe, Asia, and the United States Temperate Boreal Forest - Also known as the taiga, this biome is a northern coniferous (evergreen) forest.Temperate Deciduous Forest - few extremes of climate and can be found in the eastern half of North America, and the west of Europe.They have been adapted to grow grains such as wheat. Found mainly in the interior of Europe/Asia and North America. Grassland - rolling terrain of grasses, flowers and herbs.Includes aromatic shrubs and citrus fruits. Chaparral (Mediterranean) – evergreen trees and shrubs in Atlas) – found around the Mediterranean Sea and consists of vegetation that can survive drought conditions within the summer months.Found around 30°N and S of the Equator and includes famous examples such as the Sahara, the Namib and Thar deserts. Desert - This biome is very hot and also very, very dry.Tropical Savannah - A dry and hot area composed of mainly grassland and scattered shrubs and isolated trees, which can be found between a tropical rainforest and desert biome in Africa, Arabia and even Australia.These forests are well known for their Biodiversity (the variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat) Tropical Rainforest – This is a very hot and wet biome located on or around the Equator.The major ecosystems can be seen above, and an overview of their major characteristics is outlined below They tend to disappear in the interiors of continents as temperatures become more extreme and precipitation levels fall. They are found in Eastern North America, Western Europe and some parts of eastern Asia. Deciduous forests are found in the mid-latitudes which have reasonably evenly spread rainfall throughout the year and winters that are cool but not cold. Farming has cleared much of the forest in the UK. Deciduous forests are those that have trees with broadleaves (e.g. The word temperate implies that the climate is reasonably stable with not great variation throughout the year.
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The biome for the UK is a temperate deciduous forest. Tropical rainforest in Africa will not be identical to tropical rainforests in Asia for example. Biomes can be spread across continents and although they share similar characteristics, there will be differences in the species of plants and animals that live in those locations. The biome is suited to the climate and locality it is placed. A biome is a large naturally occurring community of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) occupying a major habitat. However, we must also consider ecosystems at a global scale.
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So far we have considered only small scale ecosystems using an example of a pond.